A Report On Network Security Audit - 4059 Words

Network Security Audit Jed Johnson, CGAP City Auditor Major Contributor Roshan Pulikkiel IT Auditor Christy Rodriguez, CPA Staff Auditor August 18, 2015 Report 201505 Table of Contents Page Authorization 1 Objective 1 Scope and Methodology 1 Overall Conclusion 2 Background 3 Management Accomplishments* 5 Opportunities for Improvement 6 Authorization We have conducted an audit of the Network Security Audit. This audit was conducted under the authority of Article VII, Section 5 of the Garland City Charter and in accordance with the Annual Audit Plan approved by the Garland City Council.†¦show more content†¦As part of the methodology, IA performed the following: †¢ Reviewed the perimeter protection safeguards in place for IT assets like workstation, switches, servers etc. (Obj. A) †¢ Examined the environmental, media access and general controls for server rooms and data centers. (Obj. A) †¢ Evaluated policies, standards, procedures and guidelines in place to enable employees to be enablers to a robust security awareness program. (Obj. B) †¢ Determined if risk analysis has been employed by ITS to determine the exposure and countermeasures to risks to establish accountability for risk decisions.(Obj. C) †¢ Assessed if the network policy has been developed and documented based on a recognized standard. †¢ Looked if the security strategy is in alignment with the security policy for the City as well as for the third party providers. (Obj. C) †¢ Examined if appropriate security classification is established based on the sensitivity of data processed in different zones. (Obj. C) †¢ Inquired if operating systems, servers and other network appliances operating on the network is configured for maximum security.(Obj. C) To assess the reliability of reports produced by the IT department, IA interviewed multiple individual from the IT department regarding their process, manually verified the data to look for appropriateness and completeness, and reviewed the existing IT policy and documents fromShow MoreRelatedInterview Technical And Non Technical Staff1268 Words   |  6 PagesDuring the data gathering phase it is crucial to interview technical and non-technical staff to determine if the security policies are being followed. Any staff who have access to the computers or systems in the organization should be interviewed in the security audit. System users, managers, and even cleaning staff should be considered. During the interview it will need to be determined what access the staff have to the systems and what their usage patterns are. If they have administrator accessRead More Security Risk Management SRM and Auditing Essay1033 Words   |  5 Pagesvolatile, increasingly unpredictable world. I n addition to protecting their internal resources, organizations must consider the security and well-being of their employees, partners, suppliers and customers, as well as the reliability of the web of networks and systems on which most now depend. Stop Managing Security. Start Managing Risk. The way forward lays in a security risk management (SRM) approach that protects your company from the most severe threats to critical IT systems and operationalRead MoreDeveloping a Company Network Security Policy820 Words   |  3 Pageshaving the capabilities to access the company’s network both in and out of the office, increases the potential that information or the access to information may end up in the wrong hands. It is because of these threats that companies create and enforce network security policies. A network security policy is a document that states how company intends to protect the company’s physical and information technology assets. (Rouse, 2007) A security policy is intended to be a living document thatRead MoreAnalysis Of Jacket X s Payroll Processing System1343 Words   |  6 Pagesis defined as an undesirable event that can cause harm†. It is also important to note that threats can be internal or external to an organization (Valacich). Alternately, a vulnerability is defined as a â€Å"weakness in an organization’s systems or security policies that can be exploited to cause damage† (Valacich). Vulnerabilities can be associated to gaps in architecture, software, processes, or people. This paper will focus on the threats and vulnerabilities assessed during a review of Jacket-X’sRead MoreBuilding A Compliance Regulation Plan1149 Words   |  5 PagesHealth Network Solutions, n.d.). These standards need to be clearly conveyed a s to enable all staff to fully understand the principles that define our practice. We should be clearly communicating our desire to see dedication, loyalty, and ethical behavior in the workplace. It is one thing to have a plan, and an entirely other to enforce it. With the new plans, procedures, and standards in place, we will need officers who uphold compliance with the plan (Glasel D., 2007; Health Network SolutionsRead MoreOrganizational Security Plan Analysis1465 Words   |  6 PagesII. Organizational Security Plan and Policya. Security Risks:1. Flood – Burlington, Iowa is located off of the Mississippi River and has flooded in the past. Preventative measures for flooding will include stored sandbags to be placed around the perimeter of the main office and keeping up with weather mandates for the Burlington area. 2. Power Outages – Regardless of the cause, power outages can occur at random times. 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So, reactive means to point and respond to the detection of an intrusion by, for example, terminating the suspect process, disconnecting the offending user, or modifying a router filter list. SecondlyRead MoreNetwork Monitoring And Packet Analysis. A Network Monitoring1482 Words   |  6 PagesNetwork Monitoring and Packet Analysis A network monitoring software is one that continually checks developments within the network, completes examinations, and signals IT personnel whenever a fault occurs or unwarranted standards are exceeded (MSDN Microsoft Technet). Network monitoring is very important and is typically suggested in order to keep a record of the readiness, operation, and bandwidth standard in an IT network. 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Changing Characteristics of Poetry from Modern to Romantics

Term Paper Submitted By: Afridiu Topic: Changing characteristics of poetry from Romantics to Modern Abstract: The characteristics of poetry changed with the changing of eras and literary periods. Romantics have their own features and writing style. Nature and beauty play very important role in Romantic poetry. Victorian poetry is different from Romantics because its themes are about Victorian age, which is influenced by democracy, evolutionary sciences and industrial revolution. After that the Modern age comes and its themes and style of writings are entirely different from Romantic and†¦show more content†¦While Shelley intellectualized nature and Wordsworth spiritualized it, Keats only visualized it so as to express it as it is felt through our five senses. The Ode to Autumn, in which Keats has glorified Nature, is a poem which for richness and color has never been surpassed. These lines show his love for nature as a romantic poet: Where are the songs of spring? Ay, where are they Think not of them Though has thy music too. (Ode to Autumn: stanza 3) Imagination has much importance in the poetry of Romantics. Wordsworth and Coleridge formulated the theory that poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings. Wordsworth’s poetry is highly imaginative when he makes ordinary things as high level through imagination. In A Solitary Reaper, Wordsworth’s imagination changed the song of a hill girl as a lofty one. The Prelude is a history of Wordsworth’s imagination: Wisdom and Spirit of the universe†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. But with high objects, with enduring things Wordsworth’s bud-nesting adventure that led him to reflective ecstasy: Dust as we are, the immortal soul grows†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. In one society. Imagination has a real relation with Keats’s poetry. In Keats we find â€Å"imaginative phrases† which have power to delight the aesthetic sense. Ode to a Grecian Urn contains vivid imagination. In the Eve of S.t Agnes, he draws the pictures of theShow MoreRelatedRepresentations of Romantic Love in Poetry Across the Periods1480 Words   |  6 PagesRomantic love has been the subject of endless contemplation for poets of all periods. Intangible and complex, love is the highest manifestation of humanity. No topic in poetry has received more attention than romantic love. Conversely, the ultimate expression of love is through poetry. In each poetic period, the representation of romantic love has been informed by the social and cultural values of the time. Thus, across time, attitudes towards romantic love have shifted with changing values and beliefsRead MoreCharacteristics Of Victorian Literature1437 Words   |  6 Pages Are the Victorians Romantics? Characteristics of Victorian literature are largely artists that are inspired by both the art that came before them and the event that occurred during the time that they were working. Victorian literature is largely characterized by the struggle of working people and the triumph of right over wrong, which do in part can be hard to decipher at times. This means that a piece of work can seem Victoria, but may not have been written in the Victorian era, or something canRead MoreEssay How Romantic Was William Blake?1517 Words   |  7 Pages The time period typically associated with the Romantic Poets and writers was one of the most turbulent to hit Europe ever. With the French Revolution sweeping the fields of Alsace, Lorraine and beyond, most monarchs, including those in England were wary of the new notions that were becoming common place among the commoners. Not since the Reformation of the 16th century was the continent in more turmoil. 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Romanticism is a type of style of writing in fine arts and literature that focuses on passion imagination and intuition rather than emphasizing on reason and logic. There are no restraints or order in Romanticism; complete spontaneous actions are welcome in this style of writing. Romanticism, or also known as the â€Å"The Romantic Period†Read MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1267 Words   |  6 Pagesand Juliet variously links to the poetry; The Flea , by John Donne, Valentine , by Carol Ann Duffy, and Sonnet 116 , by Shakespeare. The first association is through theme, as Sonnet 116 demonstrates the importance of eternal love and through situation, such as how Valentine ends with violent imagery, so does the play. Another way in which the drama links to the poetry is by character, Romeo and the protagonist of The Flea convey characteristics of a courtly lover in the beginningRead MoreCreative Project1779 Words   |  8 Pagesrewriting a Romantic poem in a way that incorporates typically modernist qualities in terms of language, style, literary elements, and themes. The assignment is broken down into four parts. Part 1: Choose a Romantic Poem Romantic literature champions the beauty of the world and the inherent goodness of human beings, and Romantic verse is highly structured and deeply traditional. Modernism frequently defines itself as a reaction against and a rejection of romanticism. 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In essence, Brautigans poem is a supplication for that dream world, but to the modern reader it can be a land of irony. Imagine a cybernetic ecology#8212;a place were silvery electronic wires run along a river, or where mountains are giant mainframes signaling codes to networks stretching along rolling valleys, or, as BrautiganRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem The Tale Of Genji 1661 Words   |  7 PagesBeauty in the Tale of Genji From 794 to 1185, the Heian period was a cultural renaissance where remarkable art, poetry, fashion, and literature flourished in Japan. Murasaki Shikibu, was the nickname to a lady of the court and as was common for noble women at the time, she was experienced in the arts such as poems, literature, painting, and calligraphy. Amongst her work, is the classic known as Genji Monogatari or translated in English as The Tale of Genji, that illustrates the life of an idealistic

Rohingya Issues in Myanmar for Human Rights -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theRohingya Issues in Myanmar for Human Rights. Answer: Introduction Aljazeera reported that it had been a month of misery for the Myanmar community living in Rohingya. For the past one month, hundreds of the Myanmar have crossed the border to enter Bangladesh since Rohingya crisis started in Myanmars Rakhine state(Al Jazeera, 2017). The cause of the crisis is attributed to the Rohingya fighters raids that prompted the army crackdown. The crisis has created the international attention, and global organizations such as United Nations have condemned the army attack and destruction of Rohingya community property. On the other hand, Bangladesh has experienced influx of Rohingya refugees with the majority of them being children and women. The international community led by the United Nations Human Rights Agency has termed the Burma' Rohingya Crisis as ethnic cleansing (Lumpur, 2017). Human rights activists have accused Burma leader for not being able to protect Rohingya community that has been stateless for over three decades. As much as the international community and the west continue condemn how the leadership of Burma is dealing with Myanmar issue (Calamur, 2017) says that there are misunderstandings on the cause of Rohingya crisis. The tensions between the Buddhists and Bengali-speaking Muslims in Rakhine state have been existence for decades, though many people says it has been place for centuries. However, the most identifiable root can be traced in 1982. This was the period when Burmas junta legislated a law that identified 135 communities but excluded Rohingya community. The move came as an astonishment to Rohingya people because they had lived and enjoyed equal rights when Burma obtained independence in 1948. This was the beginning of the Rohingya ethnic group cleansing since the neighboring communities felt that Rohingya people did not deserve equal rights as other Burmas citizens. The years to come saw the Rohingya community being persecuted and victims of violence. The worst violence occurred in 2012 that was perpetrated on religious grounds. As a result over 140,000 Rohingyans become internally displaced (Calamur, 2017). The mounting international pressure resulted in Burmese government agreeing to offer the Rohingyans reduced form of citizenship but with the condition that they had to be registered as Bengali. However, being agitated from the years of oppression and mistreatment, Rohingyans people denied the offer. The rejection of the offer has continued to render Rohingya community as stateless with other communities oppressing and initiating threats against them. It is out of this oppression where Rohingya formed a group of fighters with the aim of protecting their community. The Burmese terms the group as terrorist and hence starting the measures of cracking down the whole community. The sate-orchestrated humanitarian catastrophe can be termed as a crime against humanity. Even before the start of the army crackdown, their lives had become so desperate in Myanmar to the point where they resulted using risky human trafficking networks. For example, in 2015 many of the Myanmar community died out of starvation and others drowned as they tried to cross-border to the neighboring countries to seek refuge. For a long time Rohingya have endured tenuous and bare life. According to the World Food Programme report, the Myanmar community has recorded the highest level of extreme food insecurity. The World Food Programme report show that over 80,500 children under five years in the community suffer from acute malnutrition. The large part of the Rohingya suffering and lack of essential resources is largely tied to the dehumanizing acts that they have been exposed to them since 1982. Society thrives in the presence of peace where all members are guaranteed their rights. Besides, the economic growth and development of a region will be attained if all members of are treated fairly and equally(Marzoli, 2015, p. 12). However, this not the way to go in Myanmar. The Rohingya have been isolated from the society, and they are treated as the third rate citizens yet sincerely speaking the form part of the Burma ethnic groups. For example, before the start of the evictions by the Burmese government, Rohingya had been denied their livelihood opportunities and had been confined in villages an act that can be referred as containing them in open-air prisons. Besides, the Rohingya had been exposed to the violence intimidation that is perpetuated through disenfranchisement(Hossain, 2017). The Rohingya people suffer from starvation, malnutrition, destitution and severe mental and physical illness resulting from restrictions from education, childbirth, marriage, movement and the ev er-existing threat of extortion and violence. The oppression and the mistreatment directed towards the Rohingya equal to indirect mass killing. The treatment of the Rohingya can be attributed to the modern genocide. Ideally, modern genocide entails long-term social engineering process(Green, et al., 2015, p. 21). It usually begins with mass murder, isolation and dehumanization, a systemic process of weakening the target ethnic community. The acts were well calculated by the Burmese government in 1982 when it failed to recognize the Myanmar community as part of the ethnic groups. What followed were the measures of isolation and dehumanization with the efforts of getting rid of the group. The exclusionary ideology has been used to crackdown the Rohingya from Myanmar. This is the ideology that has been applied by the Burmese army to destroy the Rohingya with the justification that Rohingya people are terrorists. The Burma has employed this technique to create internal enmity to erode the Rohingya. The modern genocide is largely build on propaganda whereby media is the most used channel(Abdullah, 2017). For example, the human genocide between Hutus and Tutsis in Rwanda was large fueled by the media. Media created fear among the two communities by labeling the Tutsis inferior to the Hutus. Likewise, the same case is happening in Myanmar state. It is on record that Myanmar's state-controlled media has on several occasions labeled Muslims as detestable human fleas. Besides, the national leaders have appeared to borrow the words of the media and openly uttered negative sentiments about the Muslims (Lowenstein, 2015, p. 6). These are ethnic profiling that have isolated the Rohingya further forcing them to establish defensive mechanisms that is now being viewed as terrorism. From different point of view, it can be argued that the Burmese have used the Rohingya defense group as a way of justifying the elimination of the whole community. However, the main reasons behind the eviction of Rohingya have been linked to religion, land grabbing and regional prize(Forino, 2017). Combined with their vulnerability, oppression and denial of citizenship it has been difficult for the lives of Rohingya in Myanmar. There is still hope to end the ethnic cleansing being carried out by the Burmese government. Up to now, over 400 people have died from the ongoing eviction(Hossain, 2017). This calls the intervention of the neighboring countries as well as the international community. However, there are hurdles being erected by the Burmese leadership to hide from the international community its unlawful activities that violate international norms and lack respect to the human rights(Marzoli, 2015, p. 7). Instead of calming the situation, the Burmese leadership appears to inflame the eviction of the Rohingya by urging that army is targeting the Bengali terrorists when it is evident that the property of innocent civilians is being set ablaze and forced to flee their homes. Conclusion It is high time the international and regional mounts their pressure consistently on Myanmar government as well as military to stop crackdown and offer protection to all citizens irrespective their origin. ASEAN has a huge role to influence Myanmar to consider the protection and respect of human rights. Upon ending the violence, the government should initiate a process that will make sure the Rohingya are granted neutral citizenship and granted rights as other people in the country. What Rohingya has been going through is uncalled and would be humane for the other citizens as well as society at large to put themselves in the shoes of the Rohingya. Journal Entries Based on the issue to be studied, it is appropriate to apply the qualitative method of inquiry. I find that phenomenological study is the most suitable for exploring Rohingya issues in Myanmar. This type of inquiry involves different methods that makes the result of the study reliable. The various phenomenological methods they provide the reader with comparable channels where he or she can select the most appropriate information. I realized that using the phenomenological research study method; I would be able to obtain information through visiting people, watch videos, read documents and even conduct interviews. The combination of these methods will give reliable information to understand and analyze the Rohingya issues in Myanmar. I watched saved TV videos to establish how the real situation of the Rohingya issues in Myanmar. This approach gave me a clear picture of what Rohingya has been going through since the eviction process started that has been started by the government with an excuse of dealing with the terrorists. The videos provided some of the Rohingya people might have gone through to group themselves to provide defense for their community and instead mistaken for belonging to terrorists. The videos illustrated the sorry state and suffering that Rohingya have gone through as they try to cross-border to Bangladesh. I find it is appropriate to supplement the video viewing method with reading the document. I have through the different documents with the aim of getting the cause of the Rohingya issues in Myanmar. I realized the issue of Rohingya is deep than the rest of the world especially the international community and west views it. The oppression, intimidation, mistreatment and dehumanization of Rohingya find their origin in the 1982 Junta legislation. The legislature passed a law that recognized the 135 ethnic groups but with the exclusion of Rohingya. This move formed the basis of the Rohingya community mistreatment and denial of right as other citizens. I got fascinated about reading the documents, and therefore, I am motivated to read deeper to have a comprehensive information about the Rohingya community oppression. There is proof that the Burmese government was out to deny the Rohingya people their rights. It arose that they were being hated because of their religion, the strategic position of the region that they are inhabiting and land grabbing. To pursue personal interests, the government and Myanmar state-owned media had started creating propaganda that appear to intimidate, disrespect and inflict the hatred against the Rohingya people. The document I read on this day made it clear that the Rohingya obviously formed a defensive group because of the oppression that they had endured over decades. I am prepared to conclude on the exploration the Rohingya issues in Myanmar; I question myself what actions should international and regional community do to end the suffering of Rohingya community. This forces me to recommend that the international community, as well as the regional associations such as ASEAN, should mount pressure on Myanmar State as well as military to stop the eviction of Rohingya people. The actions by the Burmese government violates and disrespects human rights. The hatred against Rohingya people has been created through modern genocide as it was the case in Rwandan Genocide that was a result between the Tutsi and Hutus. References Abdullah, A., 2017. Rohingya crisis: this is what genocide looks like. [Online] Available at: https://theconversation.com/rohingya-crisis-this-is-what-genocide-looks-like-83924 [Accessed 27 September 2017]. Al Jazeera, 2017. Rohingya crisis: A month of misery in Myanmar's Rakhine. [Online] Available at: https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/09/rohingya-crisis-month-misery-Myanmar-rakhine-170925035409435.html [Accessed 27 September 2017]. CalamuR, K., 2017. The Misunderstood Roots of Burma's Rohingya Crisis. [Online] Available at:https://www.google.com/url?sa=trct=jq=esrc=ssource=webcd=7cad=rjauact=8ved=0ahUKEwjJjdTVvsfWAhXKDxoKHW37CmcQFghkMAYurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Finternational%2Farchive%2F2017%2F09%2Frohingyas-burma%2F540513%2Fusg=AFQjCNGhjF8A4u_iZDc-W [Accessed 27 September 2017]. Forino, G., 2017. Religion is not the only reason Rohingyas are being forced out of Myanmar. [Online] Available at: https://theconversation.com/religion-is-not-the-only-reason-rohingyas-are-being-forced-out-of-myanmar-83726 [Accessed 27 September 2017]. Green, P., MacManus , T. Venning, A., 2015. Countdown to Annihilation: Genocide in Myanmar, London: Queen Mary University of London. Hossain, M. P., 2017. World must act to end the violence against Rohingya in Myanmar. [Online] Available at: https://theconversation.com/world-must-act-to-end-the-violence-against-rohingya-in-myanmar-83645 [Accessed 27 September 2017]. Lowenstein, A. K., 2015. Is Genocide occurring in Myanmars Rakhine State?, S.L.: Yale Law School . Lumpur, K., 2017. What Really Describes the Case of Rohingya Community in Maynmar. [Online] Available at: https://aa.com.tr/en/analysis-news/what-really-describes-the-case-of-rohingya-community-in-myanmar/728328 [Accessed 27 September 2017]. Marzoli, R., 2015. The Protection of Human Rights of Rohingya in Myanmar: The Role of The International Community , s.l.: s.n.

Odaiba Japan Future Casino free essay sample

The location of our targeted integrated resort plan is Odaiba, the largest artificial island as well as modern city island for tourist attraction in Tokyo bay, Japan. The reason that we choose Japan is the prediction coincides with a new survey which reports that Japan has the potential to become Asia’s second biggest casino market. The intension of using casino at the main proposed location is regarded Odaiba 30. 6% and followed by Okinawa, 24. 5% and etc. Appendix 1), The head of gaming research for Merrill Lynch in Asia Sean Monahan estimates that the value of a license to operate in Japan could break records for the biggest amount ever paid to open a land-based casino. Monahan said it worth to $10bn to operate casino in Tokyo. The name of our resort will regard â€Å"Odaiba sand resort†. The type of resort will be urban casino base on survey which was established in Japan and (58%) people are interest visiting (Appendix 2). We will write a custom essay sample on Odaiba Japan Future Casino or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page (Hakuhodo’s Casino Entertainment project, 2006) Odaiba are easy access by expressway, airport service coaches, public transport and the privately operated sub way and taxi. The two expressway lines access Odaiba to enter from central Tokyo crossing the Rainbow Bridge. Average temperature in Tokyo bay is 16 °C (61 °F), August being the hottest and January the coldest. Theres about 20 °C difference between summer and winter. Odaiba have four distinct seasons, mild spring and fall, hot summer, and winter with a few snowfalls. (Appendix 3) March to May, or late September to November would be the right season in terms of climate, with mild temperatures and less rainfalls.

The Molecule Essays - DNA, Genetics, Nucleic Acids,

The Molecule In the autumn of 1951, James Watson (left) and Francis Crick (right) started work on unravelling the structure of DNA. It was known at the time that DNA was present in the nucleus of every living cell, and that it had something to do with heridity, but without a knowledge of its structure little more could be understood about how it actually worked. They approached the problem with the same methodology that had been pioneered by Linus Pauling, who after years of exhaustive study had earlier discovered that many proteins exhibited a helical structure. Their task was to devise a structure which would account for all the chemical and X-ray evidence, and at the same time be consistent with all the structural features of the units involved - such as the size and shape, bond angles and lengths, configurations and conformations. X-ray diffraction photographs of DNA fibres taken by Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins showed a distinctive X-shape, which was characteristic of a helix structu re, but strong arcs on the meridian indicated a repeating structure 3.4 ? apart. And from the chemical evidence, it was known that part of the structure was comprised of 4 heterocyclic bases, adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C) and thymine (T), somehow linked together with sugar units and phosphates. One of the biggest puzzles was that although the proportion of these bases varied from one DNA to another, it was always found that the number of A = T, and G = C. Adenine Guanine Cytosine Thymine The 4 bases which make up DNA (Click on each image to get its 3D molfile). Using molecular models, Watson and Crick devised a structure in which all of the building blocks fitted together without crowding or overlapping, and which permitted a great deal of stabilisation by Hydrogen bonds. Moreover, these Hydrogen bonds were of the kind that Pauling had shown to be the strongest and therefore the most important for determining structure in proteins, namely N-H-N or N-H-O. In April 1953 Watson and Crick published their structure - the now famous double helix. This brilliant accomplishment ranks as one of the most significant discoveries in science because it led the way to an understanding of genetics in terms of the molecules involved. In 1962 they received the Nobel prize for Medicine in recognition of this achievement, along with Maurice Wilkins of Kings College London who had performed the initial X-ray crystallography studies. A very small section of DNA showing the double helix structure linked by bases, like the rungs on a twisted ladder. (Click here or on the image to get 3D structure in Molfile format). (Click here to get an interactive 3D structure in pdb format - requires Chime). Bases, Nucleotides and Nucleosides In every living cell there are found nucleoproteins - substances made up of proteins combined with natural polymers, the nucleic acids. Where the backbone of a protein molecule is a polyamide (or polypeptide) chain, the backbone of a nucleic acid molecule is a polyester chain (called a polynucleotide chain). The ester is derived from phosphoric acid (the acid portion) and a sugar (the alcohol portion). Polynucleotide chain The sugar is D-ribose, which is in the group of nucleic acids called ribonucleic acids (RNA), and D-2-deoxyribose forms the basis of DNA. The 2-deoxy simply indicates the lack of an -OH group at the 2 position. Thus DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid. Attached to the carbon at one side of the sugar is one of the 4 bases, A, C, G, or T. The base-sugar unit is called a nucleoside. Attached to the other side of the sugar is a phosphoric acid unit, linking the nucleoside to the neighbouring sugar. The base-sugar-phosphoric acid unit is called a nucleotide. Adenosine, a nucleotide containing adenine (red), deoxyribose (black) and phosphoric acid (blue). The 3D molfiles of all of the 4 nucleotides can be obtained here: A, C, G, T. Two of these polynucleotide chains, which can be many millions of nucleotides long, then wrap around one another to form the double helix structure, with every A group H-bonding to the T group on the adjacent chain (see here for A-T molfile), and every G group H-bonding to its matching C group (see here for G-C molfile). DNA - the source of

Journal Week 1 Essays - English-language Films, Free Essays

Journal Week 1 Essays - English-language Films, Free Essays I can relate to Eddie. When I was in my previous college I didnt know what I was doing for a while. I was trying to figure out what was going on in the class room when we were learning a new technique learning a new formula in math. I had just changed my medications and I didnt know what was going on. Everything was difficult for me at that point. I wanted to give up. When it came to not being successful at not getting the formula I wasnt fully understanding what was going on. I didnt know if I wasnt doing one of the steps right. I couldnt figure out if I was not fully grasping the concept of the formula. When it came down to it I was having so much difficulty. When I am looking back at the situation I see that I could have taken a step back from the formula and really tried to break it down and asked for helped to see if that would have reduced my frustration. I know that when I did ask someone for help I had a better success with the formula and that was a good thing. It became all about how I decided to use my mind and not allow myself to break down or shut off when I felt defeated would have reduced my frustration and would have majorly increased my chances of success. When it came to this experience I have learned so many things. I have learned that I cannot always do things on my own and its ok to ask for help. I have also learned that when it comes to things that I dont always fully grasp that when I take a step back or look at the problem from a different point of view I will get a better picture of what the teacher was asking for and will be able to do the problem.

Questions in marketing Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Questions in marketing - Coursework Example Acceptance of the existence of factor outside the control of the business helps organizations to keep an open mind regarding the uncertainties that exist. Through roper strategic planning firms are in a better position to make these uncertainties work in their advantage. Contemporary theories of management also emphasize on the unavoidable factor of change and uncertainty that affects organizations in every part of the world. The true strength of a business lies in ensuing that it is well-equipped to face any unforeseen challenge that it could encounter. The environmental domain consists of elements that affect an organization (Covin & Slevin, 1989). It broadly includes five areas of focus namely: Competition, customers, resources, laws and political system and technology. The competition establishes market trends and it is imperative that an organization is aware of the upcoming trends so it can match or surpass its competitors offering. The customers affect the demand side of an organizations offering and plays a significant part in shaping the structure pod demand patterns that the company can expect. By studying the customers’ organizations also get an idea regarding their needs so that they can modify their offering to suit the demands of its target market. Resources refer to organizational assets that are limited and need to be utilized at their optimum level. It is the job of the managers to decide the best approach to utilizing their raw materials and human resources in a way that makes them efficient and not exploite d. One of the most important factors for the environmental analysis is the study of the laws and political systems of the country it operates in. Globalization has made it imperative for firms to outsource many of its function, spanning the dynamics of this factor to even the countries it outsources its components or processes from. For example, Nike made use of

PHD proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

PHD proposal - Essay Example Although modern literature has perpetrated Islam and Muslims in a violent light, the majority of Muslims do not believe or worship this way. The idea that the fanatic terrorists of 9/11, suicide bombers, and others are the majority is a false perception. Islam does not teach this type of violence. The terrorists who twist their religion to suit their aims are using Islam to achieve their own personal goals. This minority has poisoned Western literature, which shows a stereotypical view of Muslims. This is important for my studies, because an examination for the reasons about the stereotypes of Muslims in Western literature could lead to an answer on how to stop the prejudices against Islam. Maybe this study can shed light on the truth about this misunderstood religion. The influence of the Islamic terrorist minority will be shown. The Western world has fixated on the terrorist and violent aspect of Muslims since before 9/11. An example provided will be Malcolm X (in Alex Haley chapter). Malcolm X did not believe in the non-violent approach of Martin Luther King (a Christian). Although Malcolm X intended the violence to be in self defence, Islam became equal to violence in his writings. The overall theme of this dissertation will be the how these selected writers view Islam and Muslims from their point of view. How are their attitudes toward this religion and its followers? Have they been ignorant? Is their literature a truthful portrayal of Islam? Do any of the writers have certain agendas? Some of these writers are Christian, Hindu, and Muslim. How did the writers individual faith impact their perspective of Islam? All of these questions will be answered, along with what Islam truly is about. In the following chapters I will illustrate how in these texts, the writers show Islam differently according to their experiences. Before moving into my discussion of the cultural differences between nations in The Shadow Lines, I

8th Journal Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

8th Journal - Movie Review Example Inhabitants of a coastal small village of Nuadkhibu live in expectation of a bright future. Before going to Europe, 17-year-old Abdalla visits his mother who lives in this settlement. The guy doesnt speak local language and seems a stranger to locals. He also doesnt like rural way’s archaism. However, having got acquainted with people closer, Abdalla starts feeling the call of the blood. Such description can create an impression that the plot is romantic, but if to watch the whole movie, it becomes clear that the movie depicts real events which happen when strangers come to a country and try to impose their rules. The inhabitants of the village suffer from religious political extremism. The religious political extremism is religiously motivated activity directed on violent change of a political system or violent seizure of power, violation of the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the state, on initiation of religious strife and hatred for this purpose. As well as the ethno-nationalist extremism, religious political extremism represents a kind of political extremism. It is distinguished by certain characteristic features, which make it different from other types of extremism. The religious and political extremism rejects the possibility of negotiations, compromise, and consensus solutions of socio-political problems. Supporters of religious and political extremism are distinguished by extreme intolerance in relation to everybody who does not share their political views, including brothers in faith. For them there are no rules in the game of politics, no borders. The Malian city of Timbuktu appears in religious extremists’ occupation, and the followers of jihad commit crimes here every day. More than a half of the city is occupied by the newcomers, and women suffer more than men. Through the story of Kidan, Fatima, their daughter Toya and little herder Issan, Abdurrahman Sissako expresses a protest against the hard

Why Mrp Is Needed For A Organisation Information Technology Essay

Why Mrp Is Needed For A Organisation Information Technology Essay MRP is the acronym for Material Requirements Planning .It means planning or estimating the materials that are required to produce or devlope the end product based on the demand.It involves in production planning and inventory control system. MRP II is defined as Manufacturing Resouces Planning. Man Machinary Material are the three main resources which diminishes with the time and that are to be planned very effectively and efficently for productive outputs by any organisation or enterprise. This MRP II is the extension for MRP. To study in detail what is MRP and MRP II in Manufacturing industries and protrait its scope, advantages and its process in the industries. To identify the differences between MRP and MRP II and advantages of each modules. To identify companies that have implemeted MRP and MRP II sucessfully. How these businesses application had helped them in automating their business what are the issues that occur while implementing the MRP and MRP II To identify what type of companies and how many companies are sucessfully using these business appilcations. To identify the critical factors in the successful implementation of MRP, MRPII and ERP systems in manufacturing industries. Objectives: The objectives of the project are: To carry out a critical review of MRP, MRPII and ERP literature with a particular emphasis on the implementation of these systems. To know what are the ideal methodologies that should be followed to implement these MRP and MRP II at different enterprises. To gain the knowledge of different modules in MRP and MRP II. To study and understand how these submodules interact with each other during the business process. To gain knowledge about the other business appilications which are more in use and advantageous when compared to MRP and MRP II. Choose a suitable methodology for consulting businesses on their implementation of MRP, MRPII or ERP Obtain the views of business / company leaders on the factors influencing the successful implementation of MRP, MRPII or ERP. Consolidate practice based experience with literature based advice to create a lessons learnt list or top tips for the implementation of MRP, MRPII or ERP and the differences between these three systems. Write up dissertation. Research questions : Selecting and sucessfully Implementing a new manufacturing planning system is very important a management task in an enterprise for productive outputs and for for reaching objectives and targets of the entrprise.Some of the check list questionire that needed to be dicussed while going for implementing MRP and MRP II. What kind of Enterprise is it what are its products and Business Process. What are the reasons for selecting MRP and MRP II as a solution for their business. What are its requirements? What they are expecting form MRP and MRP II ? What level of automating they need through MRP and MRP II? What are the problems at their facility? What level of integration they are looking at ? They need lisenced Application or Free ware Application(Based on this the cost and time are estimated.) Had they ever implmented an Business Appliaction before ? What are the problems they are facing with the existing business application? How is the data and orders,information regarding different things to be maintained in the appliaction? What kind of reports and how many reports that are needed to be generated ? List Of Companies Using MRP and MRP II : Software Arts Inc. PEDYN Wrigley TOYOTA ABB IOR Shell St.Jude Medical Pall Fujji filim Wesco distribution Raymedica Global Helicopter Technology Inc. MOTOROLA Simmens HP Compaq ALTA Manufacturing EMS Symyx Material Requirements Planning -(MRP): MRP is the acronym for Material Requirements Planning .It means planning or estimating the materials that are required to produce or devlope the end product based on the demand.It involves in production planning and inventory control system. The main Idea or focus of the MRP system is to integrate all the business information systems of a ogrganization so that it would help in increase in productivity. This plays a very important role in managing manufaturing process.Joseph Orlicky made a detail study about the TOYOTA Manufacturing Program and designed Material Requirements Planning (MRP).It was sucessfully implemented intially in 150 companies, Later this number had raised to about 8,000 by 1988[2].Even very small manufacturing companies can implement this MRP Very sucessfully. MRP can be veiwed as a planning tool designed specifically to assembly operations. The main aim of MRP is to allow each manufacturing unit to forecast its supplier what parts it requires and when it requires them. The material supplier may be within the Organisation or an outside supplier. When combined with MRP II it is probably the most popularly used planning and scheduling tool.MRP was created to handle effeciently the issue dependent demand'[2]; Undersatnding or calculating how many of a particular component is required to produce the products or end goods.Advances in Information Technology and computer hardware made the calculation possible.An MRP system is designed or expected to meet three objectives: To Esitimate correctly the materials needed to produce the finished products and are delivered to the customer at right time. Maintain the lowest possible level of inventory. Plan manufacturing activities according to the demand or orders raised, delivery issues and schedules, procurement activities. The primary function of MRP system is inventory control, bill of material-B.O.M processing and elementary scheduling. MRP is mainly used to maintain low inventory level in an organisation. It is used to schedule and organize manufacturing, procurement and delivering activities.The MRP System is used beacause to maintain order entry in to a organization.Once a Order Entry is made then all other departments which are related to that order and manufacturing departments are activated and are put in to action like Inventory control,Bill of Materials(BOM),purchasing department,Manufacturing department,invoicing and shipping department etc. Functionalities of MRP Include: Demand Forecasting[4] Order Planning ,Controlling[4] BOM-Bill of Materials[4] Inventory Controlling[4] Priority Planning and Control[4] Planning Capacity Requirement and Development of Broad Business Plans[4] Fig1: Various Functions that MRP deals [4] Why MRP is needed for a Organisation: Companies need to utilize their resources and plan their resources very well in very efficnetly sothat they always meet the demand of the customers with out fail because loosing a customer for a company is permanent loss so they have to be well organized to avoid failures in planning the manufacturing of the products according to the demand.and also the organisations have a very big issue in order to produce the finished goods like procuring the suitable raw materilas from correct and reliable vendors.Organisations or Entereprises have to plan which products are to be produced and in what quantities and they should be in a position to forecast that they are able to meet current and future demand of the customerand that too it should manufacture the goods at lowestr possible cost. If any organisation is making any bad decision at any level then they would lose moneyreulting a failure in strategic business planning. Some of the examples are quoted below: If a company procures wrong materials and quantities from a wrong vendor then they would fail to meet the client requirements and eventually fail to deliver the products or goods at the agreed date. If a company fails to predict or plan correctly like quantities required to be purchased like purchasing more or execessive quanties where a less qunatity is required for production then its a waste and remains as stock in warehouses and may never even be used at alland its a waste of money as a unecassary procurement is done. However, some purchased items will be of minimum quantity than the required quantity therefore, procurement of excess quantity is necessary. Starting the production of an order with out proper planning and intergation and coordiantion with other departments in a organisations could end up in not meeting the customers deadlines or demand. So for this reason a organisation or a enterprise requires a well tightly intergated tool that could interact with all departments to carry out the business in a profit making way. MRP is a tool which primarily focuses to provide answers for several questions and also to deal with problems like:[1] What items are required?[1] How many are required?[1] When are they required?[1] Issues with MRP systems : Data Integrity: Data integrity is the major Issue faced by the MRP Systems and MRP Customers. If any mistake or errors done while configuring the master data like inventory data or BOM(Bill of materials) data then the expected output data will also be incorrect.Most number of customers who are implemeting these system are expecting data interigty for more better results. Time Prediction: This Time Prediction is also a major issue faced by the MRP System or the Mrp customers because here the user have to specify the time needed to manufacture a end product or finished good from the procured induvidual parts .But Unfortunatley the sytem everytime assumes this Lead time is same for every product or good that are manufatured in that orgaisation or manufacturing unit irespective of the Quantiy of finished good that is to be manufactured and avilabiltiy of machines and manpower etc. available. InterCommunication Issue: This is also an another issue faced by the faced by the MRP System or the Mrp customers.If the customers organizations or factories or warehouses are located at located at different geographical locations and intercommunication is not posible between them .An Ideal ERP or MRP application should overcome this issue by able to communicate between differnet warehouses factories for distributing goods,products based on the demand of the customer for the goods. Manufacturing Resources Planning (MRP II) : MRP can be expanded as Manufactuing Resource planning which means planning the resources of a manufacturing company in a effective way and efficient way in persepective of time for getting maxium profits.This can overcome the or it can be veiwed as a extension of MRP. This is software application which is developed by many skilled people and integrated with a dedicated data base accuracy. This is an application which is used by the prganisations for productive and well utilization of human resources.MRP II is not a free software system or a open source software system.Thus this MRP II application appears in different formats or structures depending on the clients business requirements .Genrally these MRP II applications are purchased form other MRP devloping companies in the form of licenses or it can be a in-house software devlopment. Every MRP II system is devloped with different modules because as it is known differnet business s have different kinds of requirement and solutions, so the modules in MRP II system will be different. MRP II system have the following basic modules: Master Production Schedule (MPS)[3] Item Master Data (Technical Data) [3] Bill Of Materials (BOM) (Technical Data)[3] Production Resources Data (Manufacturing Technical Data) [3] Inventories and Orders (Inventory Control) [3] Purchasing Management[3] Material Requirements Planning (MRP)[3] Shop Floor Control (SFC) [3] Capacity Requirements Planning (CRP)[3] Standard Costing (Cost Control) [3] Cost Reporting / Management (Cost Control)[3] All the above listed modules and with few other auxilary modules are tightly integarted together so that they can intercommunicate very well and work on same data and exchange information,and that would be a ideal model for any MRP II application and this kind of ideal ,good MRP II application enables the manufacturing enterprise to operate in a objective way. This MRP II application is completely different from Point-of solution approach which is operated through induvidual systems and this MRP II application is fully integrated and fully interfaced application. Which enables the user to interact with application more friendly.Many manufacturing industries have implemented MRP II systems sucessfully. Different Industries have different requirements like few of them need specific functions like lot traceability,Man Power Management etc. Fig: Different modules in MRP II System[4]. Advantages of using MRP II systems : Inventory Control. [3] Scheduling [3] Productive relationships with suppliers[3] Improved design control[3] Quality control [3] Reduced capital for inventory [3] Improved cash flow through quicker deliveries [3] MRP II Issues Ideally MRP II should have overcome the MRP problems or drawbacks. Unfortunately in MRP II most of software implementers or consultants failed to understand master scheduling.So they failed in implementing modules like master scheduling and capacity planning correctly making the new MRP II application also look like old MRP application. Inaccurate data: To Control the business or to run the business in a successful profitable way the data that is entered or the records that are present in the inventory module or BOM-Bill of materilas etc.,should be very accurate. But these MRP II software packages failed to understand the needs and business requirements which became a challenge to MRP II implementors to properly map the packages to the business.so this made the data or records entering in to the modules inaccurate. Time Facctor: MRP II implemetation takes long time to implment on a average a MRP II implementation takes 18-24 months of time for implmentation. Requiremnet for technical man power and machinary: This MRP II needed huge number of technical consultants and business people and machinary for its implementation[4]. Helped only manufactring companies: It confiend its benifts or results only to manufacturing process organisations and failed to extend its benefits to other modules or other sectors.[4] It Could not effect other modules like quality management and other management issues[4] Comparission between MRP and MRPII Systems: Both MRP and MRPII systems are business applications which is used to integrate the different functionalites in a business process and provide business information when required from a central and dedicatd database. MRP is deals with manufacturing materials while MRPII deals with the coordination of the entire manufacturing production and it also includes materials, finance, and human relations[3]. The goal of MRPII is to provide accurate data [3]. MRP takes the input from sales and marketing and then it forecast and determine the raw materials demand and required for manufactuirng. Both MRP and MRPII systems depends on a Master Production Schedule. MRP deals with the coordination of raw materials procurement while MRPII involoves in the development of a detailed production schedule taking in to account machine and labor capacity, scheduling the production or manufacturing according to the arrival of materials in the inventory. An MRPII provide Data about the cost of production, including machine time, labor time and materials used, as well as final production numbers[3]. Allocating resources is the major advantage or devlopement of MRP II system from MRP system. Enterprise Resources Planning :(ERP) Enterprise Resource Planning can be defined as or it can be understood as well planning of all the tangible resources or preishable assests of a company in a effective and efficient way with respect to time .Here the the resources are mainly 1.Man 2.Machinary 3.Money 4.Material These are well planned and well utilized in a enterprise .An ERPs true ambition is to integrate all the modules across the compnay on to a single unit that can serve all the those deparment needs. It is a business appliction which should facilitate the flow of information between all business functions inside the boundaries of the organization and manage the connections to outside stakeholders[5]. This ERP application has a centralized database with a platfrom independence or sometimes platfrom dependent and some programming language. ERP systems consolidate all business operations into a uniform and enterprise wide system environment[5].These ERP systems used to come on sigle server environment which used to be a limitation but now a days all ERP sytems are opting for client-server architechture.There are 2-tier architechtures, 3-tier architechtures among these 3 tier architechture is the best suitable for ERP Systems. Every Compnay or organisation look for ERP because it increases profits,reduces human work and provides secured and accurate data helps in expanding their business in different countires as these ERP applications deals with multi currency also and helps so work becomes simple and easy and business will improve and can make profits if they are sucessful in implementing ERP application to their business process. Every company grows in to big organisation or enterprise and departments, functionalities also increses or grows depending on their requirment so ultimatley data and paper work in each department increases considerably.So the organisations started looking for a software application that could automate all the business process and tightly integrate all the functionalites in that particular organisationand have a smooth flow of data, so thus came the need of ERP. Ideally an ERP application should have the charecteristics like : 1.All the data and application should reside on a single database. 2.Entire application when accesed by different users at at different geographical locations should same look and feel. 3.It should work like a real time application. 4.A user should be capable of accessing anyh information or data at any time from any location. 5.It should be accurate and capable of generating reports for a business application. Enterprise resource planning came as a extension of MRP and MRP II .The MRP II drawbacks were completely fullfilled by ERP applications .ERP was dominently sucessful in capacity planning The term Enterprise resource planning originally derived from manufacturing resource planning and breeching its effect in to other modules like quality control,inventory control , warehouse management ,logistics,finance and control,sales,distribution,human resource and payroll management.Thus ERP is very sucessful in processing or automating a business applicatoins.ERP sytems became more demanding when they became capable of dealing with customers directly through a functionality called CRM (Customer Relationship Management) and by entering in to e-business.now a days these ERP applicatins are both desktop application and web based application.Every ERP application is cutomized based on the cutomer requirements so that the ERP application look as though it is the software devloped only for that business requiremnet. fig:Different funtionalites of a MRP application [5] the above shown are the different funtionalites and module that are ideally coverd in a ERP application. Generally when organisations think of implemeting the ERP application for their business application they can either go for a in house production or buy from other vendors who implement ERP application for their business process or they even can opt for third party vendors who study their businees process and implement the customized ERP application for their organization.There are many ERP vendors in the market and to name a few these are the dominant ERP Implementing players SAP Oracle Peoplesoft IBM JDEdwards Ramco Bann CA Wings SSA GEAC JBA Among the above listed ERP companies SAP AGs ERP called SAP is the well known ERP. Many third party vendors are there in the market who are implemeting SAP to the enterprises or organisations who need a ERP applicaton.SAP is so famous because it is easy to implement and all the modules are tightly integrated and their success rate is also considerably good when compared to other ERPs.Recent studies show that markert share of each ERP application ,SAP at 51%, People soft 12%, J.D. Edwards 8% and BAAN 5%. So by these statistics we can confirm that SAPERP is well used and opted ERP in the current business world.SAP ERP is so famous when compared to ther Companies ERP because all other ERP applications provide only single functionality but SAP Provides all functionalites like sales and distibution ,Customer relationship management,Supply chain mangment,Business inteligence,Fianace and control ,Material management,human Capital management etc.ERP application main intention is to increase profits ,improve business ,expand business, to easily access the information of one department by other department ,help to reduce operating cost,make day to day managmet more easy,easy decision making,increase in productivity . So every organisation should have its own ERP application implemented in its organisation to compete in the current business world.it make them to easily with other MNCs present at different geographical locations. fig:Market shares of each ERP application[8] Advantages of ERP application: Integrate all the functional areas together[5] The capability to streamline different organizational processes and workflows[5] The ease of communication of information across various departments[5] Improved efficiency, performance and productivity levels[5] Enhanced tracking and forecasting [5] Improved customer service and satisfaction[5] some ERPs are open source so reduce cost. Disadvantage of ERP Application: Level of customization is limited. Highly expensive systems to implement Limited technical support long time taking process to implment. Effective Methods Of Implmetation Learnt through case studies: These ERP applications should be implemented by following some ideal methodologies for implementation other wise the implementation could fail there are many cases for ERP Implentation failure.All the companies who are implemnting the ERP applicatin to automate their business process were sucessful there are many failures.As implementing a ERP application for a company is a very complex process and it involved huge budget and long time as the specifications and requirements used to change. ERP implementation gets failed due to the follwing reasons: Failing to analyze the business process correctly. Improper collection of clients or customer requiremnts. Lack of technical consultants. Failure in the data migration Wrong configuration of master data. Lack of knowledge of the newly implemented system in the organisation among employees. Failure in gerating required reports. Failure in analyzing time and money required. Successful If a ERP implementation is sucessfully implmented in a company mot only helps theorganisation by reducing waste costs but also it helps its customers as they can purchase the products of the company at a low price eventually rising sales and making good profits.They also because they share the data of the production line in real time[10]. So for a sucessful implementation the following methodologies should be followed.These are ideal methodologies one should follow when they are implmenting ERP orMRP or MPR II application for any kind of compnay. An Effective Implementation have the follwing modules: Project preparation[11] Solution definition[11] Devlopment Business Process Analysis Realization Testing QA Production Final preparation[11] Project preparation: Project goals and objectives[11]: Undestanding goals and objectives of the project and getting a clear picture about the project. Roles and key focus[11] : Identifying the roles and reponsibilites for the project and assainging the tasks according to the roles.Identifying core team members,repoerting authority and documentation team it also includes identifying Steering Committee, Project Management team, Consultants team, Technical and Security management teams. Determining the implementation strategy[11] : Plannig the implemneting strategy like how to implement the project and how to run the project according to the dead lines and defining the deliverables for each team,preparing road maps for the project and preparing blue print for the implemetation.Determinig how many locations are present for the compnay and what level of the automation required for which departments and what software and hardware required. Developing a project budget[11]: This is the main and very important stage for any ERP or MRP or MRPII implmentation because any mistake or worng assement could utterly result in failure of implmentation.so planning for the project and determing the correct budget required to implement the application sucessfully budgeting involves like cost required to procure resources that are useful for the accomplihmnet of the project and cost of the human resources getting involved in the project. Planning the budget required for implementation includes the cost of Labor , Training, Facilities ,Project support costs Determining the technical requirements[11]: Making a study on technical requirements required for implmeting the application sucessfully.Performaning the GAP Analysis and matching it with the application to checek how far the customization required and how well the application suits the business process.Identify and prepare infrastructure facilites selecting a pool of technically dominant consultants as a team and making them to study the pros and cons of the project. 4.3 Solution development and realization[11] Project team training[11]: This involves the training for all employess and for getting good knowledge about the on going implmetation and it helps the team members and any new members in the project which helps to implement the project at right time with out any dealy. This is very important because it helps to implement the application as according to the blue print defined. Conversion and interfaces[11] : Conversion and interfaces are very important for every project. But generally these Conversion and interfaces are not given importance and attention from the project management, because of lack of necessary IT knowledge.conversion and interface of a project is necessary and it should it be in line with the main project and it should be controlled by the project manager[11]. Final configuration[11]: This is very important phase the final configuration represent a repetetive process that coordinates the configuration with your business processes and business requirements[11]. Testing QA Unit Test[11] : This testing is done by the programmer or devloper itself to evaluate the programs or transaction for errors. This test is done intially at configuration level it is mainly tested for program and module functionality.Whether the business requirements are fulfilled or not whether they are working in the expected way. Final integration test[11] This test is done when all the modules are integarted and tests are done whether these are working in the expected manner fullfilling the business requirments.This test is done by the expert testing team while integration and even after integration like verifying workflows , business logics and other functinlities. Prototyping and Production[11]: In this phase a test system with fully intergated and devloped appliaction is made ready for working .Ideally at this stage all the funtionlaites and modules should work correctly as per the business requirments and it should be demonstrated to the users with data flows across each module.Once the protype of the business application is sucessful and if the customer is satisfied then the final phase of the implmentation takes place in which cutover plans take place and go-live date is planned and fixed. Final preparation[11] User manual and support[11] Preparing user mannuals powerpoint presentations about each modules and funtionalites for the customers or users to get good knowledge of the implmented ERP or MRP or MRPII application. End user training[11] Providing training for the user in the organisation or company for effective using of the application because if the end user fail to gain knowledge about how to use and how to work with the application it results in failure of the implmnetataion. System management and system test[11] In this the application is tested for smmoth running of the appliaction with extra loading of data and extra stress on the database and application like simultainous logging of many user at a time etc. it also includes failure scenarios test,application admistration tests,backup and restore procedure test [11] etc. Cut-over plan[11] In this the all final approval and validations should be comleted and all the manual work and transcations of the company have to stopped as after the apporval of cutover plan they start configuring the appliation to automate the business process. Going live check[11] In this the manual data entries should be completed before cutover. and going live date is decided based on the following factors : proper end user traning is done and completed. R/3 system administration is ready[11]. Stress test on application and database and desaster recovery tests are sucessfully completed . Conversions and business processed in the production system have been checked [11]. quality check and testing is completed. Data transfer[11] Data transfer is a very important phase in the total implmetation because man times there arise a issue of wrong configration that is configuring one module data to the other module. This is a time consuming process so a due consideration is given and a good amount of time is t

Galatians Essay

Because I haven’t read the whole book reading Gorman â€Å"Galatians Ch9† is at first a bit confusing. However, I must say that the reading is very easy to read and easy to understand. Gorman used very simple terms and easy English for his reader to read and understand. Basically in this short chapter Gorman try to exegesis the whole book of Galatians in his own understanding and research. I’ve founded that there are lacks of evidence of resources, as in not much of references quote in this chapter, Gorman strong sources for his argument in this chapter would be the book Galatians itself, he kept referring back to Galatians and because of that the arguments seemed to be persuasive but at the same time lacks of backing up from others. Many of Gorman explanations in this epistle were unjustified, for example the dating of the letter and I quote on page187 â€Å"although no firm conclusion is possible within the range of years 49-55, the most likely date, in this writer’s estimations is 50-55, properly from Ephesus† It would be more convincing if Gorman could give us more evidence about the date and place of written. Over all the exegesis of the entire Galatians in this chapter was not that of rigorous at all. Gorman definitely give us a clear view on Paul’s message to the Galatians. Anyone who read this chapter will surely get a clear understanding of the gospel, not only to the Galatians but also for the churches today as well. Gorman ended the chapter well with the 10 questions for reflection, these 10 reflections questions are the issue that we are facing right now as a contemporary Christians, especially question 10, and I would like to end this review with the same question â€Å"In sum, what does this letter urge the church to believe, to hope for, and to do?† Second critical review is on an article by Martinus C. de Boer, titled: â€Å"Galatians A Commentary† from week 4 reading. To be honest I find this reading is a bit lengthy, especially the entire article is focus on the exegesis of only 6 verses. Having say that Martinus taking the time out to clearly explained the conflict between Paul and Cephas in Antioch over the issue of â€Å"The Truth of the Gospel†. I agreed with Martinus that this is not only important for Paul and the Christians in the 1st century but also to all of us today, we odd to understand the message of â€Å"the truth of the gospel† (2:5, 14). Because this is a commentary, it is clear evidence that the Martinus gave a wide range of evidence to his arguments. I also have to say that the exegesis in this article is precised, however, if it is to focus on the truth gospel of Christ, I feel that Martinus could have mention more of Paul other letters to back up the topic of the true gospel, instead of a very long exegesis around the confrontation of Paul and Cephas, I would have looked at Paul conversion passage to prove more of Paul conviction for his true gospel. Martinus translated Jews who is circumcised as â€Å"the circumcision party† page 133. I’m not sure if I would agree with Martinus here, because lacks of evidence in this statement made by Martinus, I’m not sure if this is a political view or is it direct translation from its original text? Over all from reading this article, apart from the fact that it is a long article, I’ve founded that it is very helpful for churches today to see the historical of Paul’s letter through Martinus book. Definitely an issue arises for the use of the Bible today in our own context, for example: Paul and Peter relationship. Can two Christians have disagreements that eventually lead them to different road? The final reading is from Charles H. Cosgrove â€Å"The Cross and The Spirit† chapter 3 The Logic of the Opposing Theology. Over all I find that this is a really hard piece to read, the precise and information was great, however, I feel that there are some stuffs that he could have leave out, and that he doesn’t have to go into details as such, for example Cosgrove goes on and talk about the Torah is for Life on page 90 and from there on, I’ve noticed that he kept going back to the Torah for his arguments throughout the rest of the chapter. Cosgrove make it clear to his readers about Paul wanting to hammer us about life in crucified Jesus. Nothing important to Paul than that we have life in Jesus. Cosgrove shared some light about the Christian Jews that are actually after Paul and not the Romans, and this is consistent with what I’ve learned in the unit and also other theologians. Later in the chapter Cosgrove also pin point the agitators and one again it’s consistent with the unit teaching and also others theologians, example Barclay who concluded in his book that Agitators were Christian Jews probably from Jerusalem. Mark D Nanos also suggested the same thing, so over all Cosgrove argument was very persuasive and clear evidence of a large selective of different sources. Finally, Cosgrove really trying hard to explain to his reader the opposing theology between Paul and everyone who are at the Galatians, this would certainly help us today as we read Galatians with a more clear picture of its context and understanding of where Paul and the others are coming from.

Stefan’s Diaries: Bloodlust Chapter 27

My heavy-lidded eyes fought to drift open. I didnt know how much time had passed. Was it one night? Two? A week? It was dark, wherever I was. I was vaguely conscious, hearing footfalls and yelling, and once a voice that sounded like Callies, calling out my name. But one day I woke up without suddenly falling back into unconsciousness. I lifted my arms, realizing I was shackled to the wall. I had vervain burns on my arms and legs. Dried blood crusted my entire body, making it impossible for me to tell where I was wounded. Next to me, Damon was sitting with his knees to his chest. Blood covered his body, and his cheeks were gaunt. Dark shadows rimmed his sunken eyes, but a slow smile was spreading across his face. â€Å"Not so powerful now, are you, brother?† I struggled to sit up. My bones ached. The attic was soaked in a dim gray light that came from a filthy window. The padding and sniffing of a mouse sounded somewhere far across the room. It stirred a hunger inside me, and I realized that I hadnt fed since being here. In the corner, two unfamiliar guards were sitting, oblivious to our near-silent conversation. I shook my head in disgust. How could I have been so stupid? Lexi had been right. Of course she had. Callie had betrayed me. It must have been her plan all along, from the second shed noticed the ring on my finger that matched Damons. I should have realized it the moment Id seen her father in the room. How had I stepped into such a stupid, obvious trap? I deserved to be chained up like an animal. â€Å"Did you love her?† Damon asked, as if he could read my thoughts. I stared straight ahead. â€Å"She hasnt come to visit, in case you were curious,† Damon continued conversationally. â€Å"She is pretty, though in my humble opinion, you could do better.† Anger pushed my fangs into place. â€Å"Where are you going with this?† I growled. Damon gestured to the bars. â€Å"Nowhere, apparently. Excellent job on the rescue attempt.† â€Å"At least I tried,† I said, my fury ebbing and resignation flowing in its place. â€Å"Why even bother?† Damons eyes flashed. â€Å"Have I not made my feelings about you perfectly clear?† â€Å"I † I began, before I realized I had no idea where to even start. How could I tell him that rescuing him wasnt a choice? That our blood ran in each others veins, that we were bound to each other. â€Å"It doesnt matter,† I said. â€Å"No, it doesnt,† Damon said, adopting a philosophical tone. â€Å"After all, well both be dead soon enough. The question is, will you be killed by a crocodile or by a tiger? I heard Gallagher saying crocodiles are the best fight opponents, because they dont go for the kill. They drag it out.† Just then the attic door opened with a flourish, and Gallagher strode into the room, his boots echoing on the floor. â€Å"The vampires are awake!† he bellowed. The two guards hastily jumped to attention, pretending theyd been watching us the whole time. Gallagher strode toward the cage, kneeling at our eye level. His three-piece suit was impeccable, as if hed made his fortune as a financier rather than by torturing vampires. â€Å"Well, well, well the family resemblance is obvious. Im embarrassed to not have noticed it sooner.† He reached through the bars and grabbed the front of my shirt, pulling me against the side of the cage. My face clanged against the bars, and I winced as something wooden jutted into my chest. A stake. â€Å"And you almost got away with acting like a human!† Gallagher threw his head back and laughed, as if it were the most amusing thing in the world. â€Å"You wont get away withthis,† I hissed, pain ripping through my body as he dug the stake farther into my skin. â€Å"Pay attention, vampire!† Gallagher said, his lips curled back in a snarl. â€Å"You know, I think Im going to bet youre the one wholl get killed. Yes, I think that will do very nicely.† He turned toward the two guards. â€Å"Hear that? A tip from the boss. Bet on the dark-haired one,† Gallagher said, twisting the stake against my body. â€Å"I think his brother has more hatred in his belly.† I couldnt see Damons face, but I could picture the smirk that no doubt played on his lips. Gallagher snorted in laughter and threw the vervain-soaked stake to the floor. â€Å"Oh, and I dont want you using the stakes on the vampires for sport anymore,† he said in the direction of the guards. The heavyset one glanced guiltily down at the floor. â€Å"Why not?† the other asked indignantly. â€Å"Its good for em. Shows em their place.† â€Å"Because we want them in tip-top shape for their fight,† Gallagher said, his voice an exaggerated parody of patience. Then Gallagher smiled at us. â€Å"Thats right, boys. You two are going to be fighting, to the death. Its the perfect solution. Ill have one dead vampire to sell for parts, a live one for performances, and profit beyond my wildest imagination. You know, it might be sacrilege, but I say, thank God for vampires!† With that, Gallagher turned to leave the attic, slamming the door behind him. I sank back against the bars. Damon did the same, shutting his eyes. The two guards gaped at us through the bars. â€Å"I know the boss said the dark-haired one, there, but aint he lookin a little weak? My pennies are goin for that boy,† one commented. â€Å"Eh, I always go with what the boss says. Besides, aint all about size, right?† the scrawny one said, sounding affronted by the first guards implication. I slumped against the wall, closing my eyes. The hatred that my brother had for me was surely enough to want me dead. But would Damon really kill me? â€Å"Im more vicious than a crocodile, brother,† Damon said with a smile, his eyes still closed. â€Å"And this is the best piece of news Ive heard since we turned into vampires!† He laughed, long and loud, until one of the guards clambered over and, despite Gallaghers decree, jabbed him with a vervain-laced stake. But even then, he continued to laugh.

Gun Control Laws Essays

Gun Control Laws Essays Gun Control Laws Essay Gun Control Laws Essay Another Supreme Court case that had a major impact on the right to bear arms was Columbia v. Heller, which took place in 2008. Heller challenged a ban placed on handguns in Washington D.C. that restricted the carry of a firearm throughout the city. He argued how this was a clear violation of his second amendment rights as a law abiding citizen to carry a gun. Heller eventually won the case, and the ban on handguns was lifted. These cases show several things. One, the government has the right to regulate what types of guns are appropriate and safe for the streets. Two, the government does not have the right to take the guns away from qualified citizens that arent mentally ill or convicted felons. Every state has their own gun control laws, but certain federal laws preside over every state. These laws are mandatory for all states and they can carry some hefty penalties. For instance, if someone uses a firearm in a violent or drug-trafficking crime its punishable by a compulsory prison term of up to 20 years. Also, if the firearm has a silencer on it or its a machine gun, there will be a second conviction. This conviction leads to life imprisonment without release. There are particular groups of people, who are not allowed to possess, receive, ship, or transport a firearm or ammunition. Anyone who is an illegal alien cannot possess a gun. Felons who are convicted of crimes punishable by imprisonment for over a year cannot have firearms either. However, there is an exception for state misdemeanors punishable by less than two years. Certain unlawful drug users can not possess any firearms. These include certain depressants, narcotics, or stimulant drugs. Citizens that have renoun ced their citizenship are ineligible to possess. Certain people who are mentally unstable or committed to a mental institution cannot have guns. Theres also a federal law that bans anyone who was dishonorably discharged from the Armed Forces from firearm and ammunition possession. The age limit for purchasing a rifle or shotgun is 18 years of age or older. The age limit for purchasing a firearm other than a rifle or shotgun is 21 years of age or older. Any person convicted of a misdemeanor crime relating to domestic violence has no permission to have a gun. Also, anyone who has a court order which restrains them from stalking, harassing, or puting the life of an intimate partner at threat, cannot possess a firearm or ammunition. There are several ways in which a person can acquire a firearm according to federal law. One way is through gun dealers. This transaction can only legally occur for handguns if the buyer is 21 years of age or older and the dealer is federally licensed to sel l firearms in the individuals state of residency. An individual of 18 years of age and beyond, can purchase a shotgun or rifle in any state as long as the dealer is federally licensed. It;s against the law for any licensed manufacturer, licensed importer, or licensed dealer to deliver, transfer, or sell a firearm unless the federal firearms licensee receives approval from a prescribed source approving the transfer. There is a document called the federal form 4437 that needs to be filled out every time a firearm is sold. This form identifies who bought the gun and included other information about the buyer. It also records what kind of gun was purchased and what the serial number is on the firearm. There;s a particular notification that firearm dealers must send to the ATF if an individual purchases multiple handguns in a five-day period. If the dealer refuses to notify the ATF, there can be a punishment of up to $1000 and one year of imprisonment. There are also certain laws when in dividuals sell firearms amongst each other. ;A person who doesn;t have a federal firearms license cannot sell a gun to residents from another state without transferring the gun to a certified dealer in the purchaser;s state. The federal laws state that individuals cannot ship, transfer, or sell firearms to another state unless it;s the transferor;s state of residency. : Everyone has their own opinion about gun laws and gun control In America. There are studies that have been done which show statistics relating to gun ownership and statistics relating to firearms around the country. A survey shows that roughly 16,272 murders were committed during 2008 in the United States of America. Out of these killings, about 10,886 were committed with firearms. That;s 67% of the murders in the country. This shows how influential guns are in the American culture. Citizens of the United Kingdom are not allowed to have handguns under any circumstances. The only handguns allowed are by military and police. The United States has some the highest city murder rates in the world. Gun control has been discussed in the United States for hundreds of years. It;s topic that has reached every corner of America. Many cases have been brought up in the Supreme Court that has challenged the second amendment. In the earlier years right after the civil war, the federal government gun control laws were abused by the southern states who saw flaws that they used to their advantage. The federal government has also played a major role in deciding what kinds of guns are acceptable to have. They;ve also set laws which decide who is allowed and who is not allowed to carry guns. The federal level has decided on these laws according to what they think is best for the country at large and not just the states. However, they;ve also allowed room for state government to make their own set of gun laws pertaining to their region. Right from the year 1791, to the present day today, there have been a timeline of gun legislations and policies which have thrived trough out the American history. Closely tied to the gun control issue, together with the Second Amendment of the Constitution, several American National Organizations made and reached milestones and important federal legislations which were intended to govern the use and the possession of guns and firearms in the United States. Some of these decisions by the national organizations are such as; The National Rifle Association which was founded in the year 1871 by two Union soldiers, Gen. George Wingate and Col. William C. Church. Curing this time, the NRA was founded for the purposes of encouraging and promoting rifle shooting for scientific purposes. Later, in 1938, the Federal Firearms Act (FFA) was enacted by the Congress and was aimed to govern the activities of those that were involved in the sale and the shipping of guns and firearms through foreign channels. This legislation required that every firearm seller and dealer should obtain a Federal Firearm License from the then, Secretary of Commerce. Like today;s gun control act, the Federal Firearms Act prohibited the gun dealers from selling to people who were convicted of felonies or those that lacked the permit to own a gun. About 30 years later, the Federal Gun Laws were revised in 1968, after the assassination of John F. Kennedy, who was killed using a mail-order gun. In the same year, the Gun Control Act was passed after the subsequent assassination of Martin Luther King and the presidential candidate Robert Kennedy. With the passage of this policy, came the expansion of the license requirements which included more detailed record keeping of guns sold by every dealer, wi th its primary aim being the ban of all mail-order gun sales. In between the Gun Control Act of the year 1968, to 1994, were a series of policies which all were aimed at regulating the sale and the use of firearms. In 1994, however, a new policy named the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act, which was well renowned as the ;Assault Weapon Ban,; was passed. Unlike many other policies that only restricted and banned the sale and the possession of firearms, this Act banned the manufacture, possession and importation of more semiautomatic assault weapons for the use by individual civilians. Additionally, this passage of this law prohibited juveniles from owning or even selling handguns. With this, this law also directed the attorney general to evaluate every proposed or existing state gun laws that involved minors.; In 2007, ;The National Instant Criminal Background Check System; (NISC) improvement act was passed and became among the modern day American gun control acts. Its main objective was to provide a financial initiative for all states to provide the relevant information regarding whether a person is prohibited from owning a firearm or not. This law required that this information is given to the NICS, which is the database that conducted a background check every time a gun or any other firearm was purchased from a federally licensed dealer. Additionally, this legislation addressed the issue of the mentally ill about them owning any kinds of firearms. According to this legislation, for any mentally ill person to be eligible for the purchase of a gun, they needed to have a ;relief from disabilities; implementation from their respective states. From the above chronology of policies passed about gun control laws, it is evident that at this point, where the American gun control laws merit a whole lot concern and attention, several conflicting rules and legislations have been issued by the Federal American court of appeals.;

Ratatouille 2007 Animation Accent

Ratatouille 2007 Animation Accent Disney animated films attach different accents to different characters. It remains a wonder then whether the use of various accents represents different levels of characters in these films. The question remains as to whether there is a systematic way within which accents are used to come up with different character traits?Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Ratatouille 2007: Animation Accent specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Given that Disney animated films is an American company, the most common accent that is likely to be used is GA or General American. This accent is likely to be attributed to good characters, on the other hand English with a foreign accent and/ or RP i.e. Received Pronunciation represents the accents that are likely to be attributed to less favorable characters. Other than looking at how accent has been used in Ratatouille to portray different stereotypical kinds of characters, this article will also look at how this compares with Rosina Lippi-Green’s work, â€Å"Teaching Children How to Discriminate†. The assumption that social pressures to conform with stipulated modes of behavior, lifestyle and prevailing culture has had its fare share of determining how Disney use accents in its animated films cannot be far from the truth. The issue of ethnicity is reflected by allocating an accent to a character inline with his or her perceived ethnic background. The setting of the movie also determines the accent to be allocated to characters. If the setting is in a place where use of GA is unlikely, then RP is used instead. Use of accents in animated films can help reveal societal norms by showing what accents are preferred to others. Through the use of accents as an artistic device, the movie audience can easily infer the various characters background, intelligence, social status, race or ethnicity among other traits. Thus, accents in movies reveal stereotypes attached to different people at any given one time. The use of accents in animated movies can be used as a way of promoting standard language ideology to children. This is easily achieved when there is a direct correlation between the character and the accent. Since animated movies are intended for children, stereotypical features are clearly defined and there is certainly no need of second guessing.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Ratatouille is an animated film for children despite the fact that it has so many story strands that are related to adults. The characters in the movie use strong French accent that is quite difficult for children to figure out what is being said. The title of the movie is derived from a French soup not to mention that it is ironical in how it sounds as the co starring in the movie is a rat named Remy who forges an alliance with Linguini the talentless c hef who is about to be fired. Linguini tells Remy†Let’s think this out, you know how to cook, and I know how to†¦. appear human†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Remy is guided by an apparition of Auguste Gusteau that helps him to intervene through Linguini when a soup that has been tampered with is about to be served in Gusteaus’s restaurant. Through Remy’s genius, the savor of the soup is improved and it attracts accolade that saves Linguini’s job who gets promoted instead of being fired. Ratatouille is set in Paris, France and the dominant accent is French which suits the setting, however, the protagonist speaks GA, for instance when asking Remy a question â€Å".Uh, whatto I do after the onions?† Therefore, a question arises as to whether the use of language is biased towards spreading a standard language ideology towards children. The question can be best answered by noting how all chefs are denoted to speak French-accented English. Lippi-Green noted t hat in all French films, the prototypical French who are truly French are the characters concerned with food preparation. This means that the setting of the movie is not the issue in allocation of French-accented English; rather, this accent is used stereotypically to represent characters that are truly French. The hero is depicted as a male and his aide a lady, chef Collette who speaks French-accented English. She is depicted as being kind and less sophisticated i.e. when she says â€Å"What is this? Keep†¦.your†¦ station clear! , I’ll make this easy to remember, Keep your station clear†¦. or I will kill you!† Anton Ego the villain who criticizes food made by Linguini speaks French-accented English and his looks are those of an evil person.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Ratatouille 2007: Animation Accent specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this film, the three rats namely Remy, his br other and father and Linguini speaks GA while most of the characters speak English with French accent. The movie setting naturally makes as presume that the characters should all speak French accented English even if they are animals, also, Linguini a human should not speak GA as he is in France and his name which means pasta does not indicate that he is an American in any way in any case he is all French just like the rest of the characters. This bias shows that accent has been used as an artistic device to make Linguini stand out as the ideal hero. By selecting GA as the ideal accent for the protagonist, all that Disney is doing is try and conform to the expectations of the audience. This indicates people’s attitudes towards some accents. If the hero should speak some other accent other than the GA, the audience could deem that to be improper and they could easily react negatively since such a trend is simply not right. In Lipi Greens article â€Å"Teaching children how to discriminate†, she argues that characters in Disney films are used to teach children how to discriminate through the use of different accents. In her book, she notes that French accents are manipulated with the aim of portraying a positive stereotype but the outcome of results can be quite the opposite. She also observed how gender is used in Disney films. Sounding white was portrayed as the best way to be desirable. Children are made to believe that the ideal male characters that are on the lookout for female companionship are those that speak United States English (Lippi-Green, 1990, 87). In this book which looks at how Disney perpetuates stereotypes and discrimination towards gender, ethnicity, nationality etc, Lipi Green observes how French accent is manipulated to associate French characters with food and as being teasing. The name of the protagonist Linguini means pasta and name Collette means victory for the people.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Through such manipulations, children learn to associate the learned stereotypes with the French culture and nothing less. This means that despite Disney’s good intentions, the overall effect can be that of limiting children’s view of the actual nature of French people. Lipi Green cautions that Disney producers should not misuse accent to negatively stereotype people as most animated movies are watched by children. Lippi-Green, Rosina. Teaching Children How to Discriminate. Hampton: Hampton Bluebell, 1990. Print.